Recovery cycle of the Hoffmann reflex of tobacco smokers and nonsmokers: relationship to plasma nicotine and cotinine levels
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چکیده
منابع مشابه
Saliva cotinine levels in smokers and nonsmokers.
The authors collected by mail self-reported data on smoking habits and saliva samples that were analyzed for cotinine concentration in 222 smokers and 97 nonsmokers. Participants were members of the University of Geneva (Switzerland) in 1995. The 207 cigarette-only smokers smoked on average 10.7 cigarettes/day and had a median concentration of cotinine of 113 ng/ml. The cotinine concentration w...
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Nicotine and cotinine in the cervical mucus of smokers, passive smokers, and nonsmokers.
Although epidemiological studies suggest that cigarette smoking is a risk factor for cervical cancer, further evidence is required to document the biological plausibility of this relationship. This study obtained cervical mucus, using a cervical flush technique, from 50 patients in a neoplasia clinic. Nicotine was detected in the cervical mucus of all 25 smokers and cotinine in the mucus of 84%...
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the aim of the present study was to investigate the frequency and the type of discourse markers used in the argumentative and expository writings of iranian efl learners and the differences between these text features in the two essay genres. the study also aimed at examining the influence of the use of discourse markers on the participants’ writing quality. to this end the discourse markers us...
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ژورنال
عنوان ژورنال: European Journal of Clinical Pharmacology
سال: 1994
ISSN: 0031-6970,1432-1041
DOI: 10.1007/bf00196110